DIP: 18.02.S26/20251004 
DOI: 10.25215/2455/1004S26 
Abstract
According to World Bank (2024), the most important development challenges are climate change and food and nutrition insecurity. The challenge is two-fold. While global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050; the global food demand will also increase leading to more emissions. Thus, a vicious cycle of increased emissions and threat to sustainability needs to be addressed. Developing countries are the largest contributors towards emissions from agriculture and agriculture is the primary cause of deforestation. The World Bank has significantly scaled up its engagement and investment in climate-smart agriculture (CSA). India being a developing country and primarily an agrarian economy is characterized by smallholder driven farming and substantial rural livelihoods. It exhibits persistent structural fragility over 2015–2023. The share of agriculture in GDP is around 14%. The paper focuses on CSA with reference to India and highlights its adoption, implementation and challenges.
The author(s) appreciates all those who participated in the study and helped to facilitate the research process. 
The author(s) declared no conflict of interest. 
ISSN 2455-670X