Abstract

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the most vital indicators of aquatic ecosystem health, directly influencing biological productivity, species distribution, and overall environmental sustainability. The present study assesses the seasonal variation of dissolved oxygen in Shivganga Pond, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India, to evaluate its ecological condition through the lens of environmental science and the Indian Knowledge System (IKS). Water samples were collected quarterly during July 2024, October 2024, January 2025, and April 2025. The recorded DO values showed considerable seasonal fluctuation, ranging from 0.63 mg/L to 6.2 mg/L. Higher dissolved oxygen was observed during the monsoon season, while critically low concentrations were recorded during summer months. These variations reflect the influence of temperature, organic matter decomposition, and anthropogenic activities on oxygen dynamics. Traditional Indian ecological wisdom emphasizes the maintenance of water purity and natural aeration of water bodies for sustaining life. The observed decline in dissolved oxygen during warmer months highlights ecological stress and signals the need for conservation-oriented management. The study underscores the relevance of integrating scientific assessment with Indian Knowledge System principles to promote sustainable freshwater ecosystem management.