Abstract

The concept of “One Nation, One Election” (ONOE) proposes synchronizing elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies across India, reviving a practice that existed from 1952 to 1967. This research article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal and constitutional framework governing simultaneous elections in India, examining the constitutional provisions requiring amendment, judicial perspectives, implementation challenges, and implications for Indian federalism. Through systematic review of scholarly literature, legal documents, and policy reports, this study identifies that implementing ONOE necessitates amendments to Articles 83, 85, 172, and 174 of the Indian Constitution, along with modifications to the Representation of the People Act, 1951. The analysis reveals significant legal challenges including the need for fixed terms for legislative bodies, mechanisms to address premature dissolution, and concerns regarding federal autonomy. While proponents argue that simultaneous elections could save over ₹45 billion annually and reduce governance disruptions, critics highlight risks to regional representation, federal principles, and democratic accountability. The study concludes that while ONOE holds potential for administrative efficiency, its implementation requires extensive constitutional amendments, broad political consensus, and careful consideration of India’s federal structure and democratic diversity. This research contributes to ongoing policy debates by providing a comprehensive legal and constitutional analysis of simultaneous elections in India.