Abstract

The impacts of education investments in developing and transition countries are typically measured by inputs and outputs. Missing from the education agenda are measures of performance that reflect whether education systems are meeting their objectives; public resources are being used appropriately; and the priorities of governments are being implemented. This paper suggests that good governance can serve as an entry point to raising institutional performance in the delivery of education services. Crucial to high performance are standards, information, incentives and accountability. This paper provides a definition of good governance in education and a framework for thinking about governance issues as a way of improving performance in the education sector. Performance indicators that offer the potential for tracking relative education performance are proposed, and provide the context for the discussion of good governance in education in the areas of budget and resource management, human resources, household payments, and corruption perceptions. What we do and do not know about effective solutions to advance good governance and performance in education is presented for each area, drawing on existing research and documented experiences. Effective governance is pivotal for the performance and progress of educational systems worldwide. This paper presents a comprehensive review of governance reforms aimed at enhancing educational outcomes. Drawing upon a wide range of literature, including scholarly articles, policy documents, and reports, this review synthesizes key findings and identifies common themes and strategies across various contexts. The review highlights the significance of governance structures, processes, and stakeholders in shaping educational policies and practices. It explores the role of government agencies, school boards, administrators, teachers, parents, and community members in decision-making and implementation processes. Furthermore, it examines the impact of decentralization, accountability mechanisms, and resource allocation on educational performance. Additionally, the review discusses emerging trends such as the use of data-driven decision-making, technology integration, and stakeholder engagement strategies in governance reforms. It also addresses challenges related to equity, diversity, and inclusivity in education governance, emphasizing the importance of addressing systemic barriers and promoting social justice. Overall, this review provides insights into the complexities of educational governance and offers recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to foster positive change and improve educational outcomes for all learners.