Abstract

Rural-urban migration in India is a dynamic and complex phenomenon, driven by a myriad of socioeconomic factors. This article explores the multifaceted nature of rural-urban migration, focusing on its drivers, socioeconomic implications, and coping strategies employed by migrants. Economic disparities between rural and urban areas stand out as a primary driver, drawing individuals and families to urban centers in pursuit of higher wages and improved employment prospects. Education, infrastructure deficiencies, and the promise of better living conditions further fuel this migration. The socioeconomic implications of rural-urban migration are profound and multifaceted. Income disparities persist, as migrants often find themselves in low-skilled, informal sector jobs with limited job security. Housing challenges, overcrowding, and inadequate living conditions in urban areas impact the physical and mental well-being of migrants. Social integration can be difficult, as cultural differences and discrimination often hinder the full inclusion of migrants in urban communities. Access to healthcare and quality education remains uneven, posing additional challenges for migrants and their families. To navigate these challenges, rural-urban migrants employ various coping strategies. Informal support networks within their community offer social and emotional support, while remittances sent back to rural areas significantly improve the financial situation of their households. Settlement in informal settlements, skill development, access to government schemes, and participation in the informal sector are among the coping mechanisms used. These strategies enable migrants to adapt and thrive in their new urban environments. While past studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of rural-urban migration in India, the dynamic nature of this phenomenon necessitates ongoing research. As India’s socioeconomic landscape evolves, policy interventions must address the root causes of migration-related challenges and create inclusive urban environments that harness the potential of migrants for the benefit of both rural and urban populations.